The Divine Miss N
An essay, a memoir—by Peter Rocheleau
Assistance: Francine Eisner
Laura
Nyro died in April 1997. I started writing my piece on Nyro in October
1998. I never planned to write it. Some sentences came to me one
afternoon—and it went on from there. My friend Fran Eisner created a
quasi-website for it in 2003. She uploaded it to the quasi-site. And there it
remained—for approximately 8 years. I got lots of letters (emails),
over time. Across 8 years: hundreds. Then I grew tired of it. (Fran forgot to pay the bill.) The quasi-site
was taken down in 2012. But since 2012—I’ve received many requests via
email to restore it. (Three requests.) Herewith below the essay—with some changes. And so I
could almost say (and on a very small scale): back by popular demand.
I had
set out to encapsulate her, to describe her well, to sum her up. I didn’t
succeed. Most of what I read about Nyro isn’t very good. Sometimes (perhaps
once a year) I will come across a bit of writing about Nyro—and it
is very, very good. The author—it will seem—has captured her—in, say, 6
paragraphs. Whereas I could not in 60. “Yes yes yes,” I will say to myself. “The
author has done it!” The essay that follows is (in my judgment) good in
places, not good in others. It is a flawed piece—with virtues. Le comte de
Mirabeau I believe said: “Paris is a sphinx, I will drag her secret from her.”
Nyro is a sphinx. I now know: I will never hold, or grasp, her secret—the
secret, or key, to comprehending her. To comprehending her even a little bit.
(I’ve more or less given up.)
Let me
say parenthetically: I am not at all convinced that it is even right—morally
right—to “celebrate” someone’s talent in the (almost shameless) way that I
have. I suspect it isn’t. I’m sure it isn’t. But this item—the writing of it at least—is a fait
accompli at this point.
I had titled the piece “Laura Nyro: Enchantress.” The
“Divine Miss N” title is irony—or an attempt at irony. At the same time I’m
saying it with a straight face as it were. Nyro was the antithesis of all that:
the antithesis of the professional celebrity, the flamboyant woman star, the
diva (sharing word origin with “divine”). And yet, a little weirdly, the
epithet is apt. There is of course a divine aspect to talent like Nyro’s.
(And I’m atheist.) Simone Weil said—every work of art of the first order is a communiqué direct
from God.
There was, and there is, the divine Miss Midler. Callas
was “the divine one.” As was Sarah Vaughan. As was Michelangelo. The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri was originally just Comedia, named Divina by posterity. “The Divine Miss N” title
reverberates, reflects back on itself, has competing implications. She was just
the opposite—yet she (paradoxically) rises to the level of it.
THE MAGNIFICENT LAURA NYRO was one of the first
singer-songwriters. She was more than a greatly talented singer-songwriter. She
was a prodigy, a phenomenon. She was a brilliant singer, pianist, composer, and
poet: she is, arguably, the only human being who has ever lived in whom all of
these came together. She was possessed of extraordinary musical instincts—of
which one hears “evidence” everywhere—at the centers of her
creations—and way over at their extreme peripheries.
She was
one of the all-time great melodists (altho’ the creation of beautiful melodies
is inseparable from the creation of beautiful harmonic progressions—and there
is perhaps no such thing as the mere writing of tunes). Nyro’s best
compositions were—sublime.
As a
singer she lacked nothing. Her voice was sometimes thrilling in live
performance. Her voice was beautiful and powerful—sometimes
piercing. (Maria Malibran’s voice, they said, was both beautiful and powerful—a
combination once deemed anomalous and inherently contradictory.)
So...
she was part Maria Malibran—and part Vincenzo
Bellini. (Bellini and Malibran rolled into one?)
We
will not, in our lifetimes, again see the likes of her.
Laura Nyro died in
1997, at age 49.
Peter Rocheleau lives in New York City.
Email: redlon4@yahoo.com
Author Note: I am not now nor ever have been (nor ever will be) a Facebook “user.”
I am not that Peter Rocheleau. I am not part of Facebook—not
part of X/Twitter, not part of Instagram, not part of MyLife, not part of
LinkedIn. And have never been. Nor would they have me,
possibly. The Internet, per se, is all the social media platform I
want. In the United States presently there are 5 or 6 or maybe 7
Peter Rocheleau’s. As well 3 or 4 Pierre Rocheleau’s. Someone put me onto Facebook (created an entry, or a page, on my behalf—perhaps
someone could help me out with the terms) in 2010 and I was listed as
being from Westbrook Connecticut. If I were to have uploaded “my” information onto a Facebook server—I would’ve got the state right. I am not from Westbrook
Connecticut. I have trouble in saying it. It is mean-spirited. Je
trouve ces plateforms dégoûtantes,
répugnantes, affreuses.
From the Internet: “View the profiles of professionals named [John Q. Little] at LinkedIn.”
Kind of a rule of thumb. It is always best to say as little as possible—of an employment-related, employment-focused social media, um, platform that uses “professional” as a noun.
First of all, before anything else, there was
that voice. There are few gorgeous voices, as there are few gorgeous persons.
Laura Nyro’s voice was gorgeous. A recording of Nyro is the auditory
equivalent of a photograph of the young Ava Gardner. Nyro’s recording of “Spanish
Harlem,” for example, begins with fifteen or so seconds of vocalizing. The
sounds she produces radiate beauty. Laura Nyro had no need to be a raving
beauty as her voice was that.
Singer-songwriters often cannot sing. Within this great genre, singing is the
least part of the equation. The writing’s the thing, and a beautiful voice
might even be met with hostility, in some settings, or be regarded as painting
the wrong picture. Most commonly singer-songwriters sing adequately—well
enough to cover the territory. Nyro wrote songs of the very first order and she
sang like—like some great Italian opera singer of the twentieth
century (Lucia Valentini Terrani perhaps). Of all the rock ladies of the 1960s and 1970s,
Nyro had the best voice. Weirdly she never got credit for it. To say that she
deliberately ran away from big success is only a partial explanation of her
relative obscurity.
Laura Nyro struck a kind of glass ceiling early on, for reasons I’m still
trying to fathom. She never got credit (not really) for any of the particulars
within her smorgasbord of musical gifts, although a few of the obituaries did
touch upon the fact that she was underrated and underrecognized. In one Ms.
Nyro was an “unsung hero.”
In my view the obituaries generally missed the point. She was portrayed, first
and foremost, as a songwriter to the stars. During the days and weeks following
the announcement of her death, I read every word written about Nyro that I
could get at. The judgment was near unanimous: this connection she had with
performers on the A-list was the better part of her claim to fame. In some
pieces it (her links to Peter, Paul & Mary, Blood, Sweat & Tears, et
al.) was virtually her sole claim to—noteworthiness. In some of the
write-ups her songwriting gift—in and of itself—unconnected to big name musical
artists—was given a bit of coverage—and then as evidence of that gift,
lists of the recording stars who had recorded Nyro songs were provided. The
reportage was venerative, but it contained an unfortunate subtext: that she was
a very fair-to-middling performer of her own songs, that established stars were
able to supply the je ne sais quoi that she herself lacked. (This was not at
all the case.) She was portrayed, secondarily, as a woman of great “passion”
who revealed herself, bared her soul, and so on (but via her lyrics, it was
emphasized). She was often described as a trailblazer for women
singer-songwriters, and hence sort of a feminist pioneer. I became a tad weary
of reading about Ms. Nyro's “passion” and about her having “paved the way.”
That she was an individual (forget that she was a woman) possessed of
spectacular musical giftedness was nowhere conveyed.
So, the great Laura Nyro stood way in the background while, simultaneously,
artists of slender musical talents (indeed) were having accolades rained down
upon them. Pretty much! And isn’t it petulant and contrarian of me to be making
the statement in the first place. She wasn’t always underrecognized of course.
I am obliged to mention that this behind-the-scenes shrinking violet is a woman
who performed—many, many times—before whistling, screaming, adoring crowds. Who
gave sold-out Carnegie Hall performances (in 1969, 1971, and 1976). Whose
albums have sold at a steady rate for 5 decades. Who could
occasionally move fans and even entire audiences to near ferment. That’s
recognition and public endorsement enough for anybody. That’s fame enough for anybody.
I was at concerts at which she received stupendous ovations. At all
those Bottom Line concerts, during stage exits and entrances, she would
sometimes get the kind of ovation that the audience might have used to welcome
Maria Callas returned from the dead. Accordingly it would seem that she was
lavishly recognized and reverenced.
But I don’t think I’ve contradicted myself. In interviews she sometimes spoke
of her “tribe” coming out to see her. She had her own tribe, certainly. And the
members of that tribe raved about her while the rest of the population didn't
know who she was. She was admired, acclaimed—and unnoticed. All of the above.
Her early fans (hard core ones) went apeshit over her, suffered Nyro-mania,
called her “goddess” and “genius.” They daydreamed about her, gaped at photos and record
jackets, wrote poems about her (and so on). Her fans deemed her—the great
musical artist of her era. At the same time she was music’s stepchild. (Of
course there were those who had some knowledge of her work and were simply
indifferent to or impervious to her particular brand of enchantment.)
Many who had heard of her—they knew of her “slightly,” or “faintly,”
or “vaguely.” “Name recognition,” for Nyro, was always smallish—at
every timepoint. One hears
all over the place that an artist, or an art form, or a work of art, is
“not
commercial.” I guess Laura Nyro was not. Despite her non-use (or
miminal use)
of the huckstering tactics that are simply part and parcel of career
advancement in the domain of popular music, she should have been more
well-known. That she was so often and so variously music’s
forgotten woman her
ardent fans will always consider injustice.
In respect of top level fame: if anyone had the goods (or the chops), it was
Nyro. (Top tier fame is a mixed “blessing.” It is a well guarded secret: big
fame is harmful and toxic [to the organism], it should come with a severe warning label,
and so on.) But big fame exists—for some musical performers. And if anyone in
music should have had it, it was Nyro. What exactly was the problem? Some fans
of Nyro (and some non-fans) have opined—she wasn’t beautiful enough.
Actually—I don’t think she “aged well,” and this may have had to do with her
illness. Nyro was not beautiful in middle age. As a young woman she was beautiful
aplenty.
Criticism of Nyro has generally been gibberish,
and has sometimes veered toward vacuity.
Some said her voice was the problem. They said it was shrill, they said
it was
strident. It is my experience that a kind of generic dislike of the
feminine
voice (on the part of women as well as men) is reasonably
common. It is
also my experience—that women as well as men, in more or less equal
numbers,
will express their displeasure at “high-pitched women’s voices.”
Men’s voices are a different ball game somehow. In the past I’ve
noted: women in groups will sometimes expound on their weakness for,
their soft
spot for—men’s voices. Would the reverse of that statement ring true in
any
way? Do men in groups sometimes express their partiality toward women’s
voices?
I’m sure it has happened—but for the most part no. Some women and some
men are
rather uncompromising in their dislike of the soprano voice. (Nyro was
probably
a mezzosoprano.) Rossini is supposed to have hated the tenor voice.
Masculinist
writer Marguerite Yourcenar once boasted: “[M]y unbearable physical
antipathy
for soprano voices remains total.” She also boasted—that hearing a
soprano
singing high notes always made her want to vomit. [!]
Soprano vocalizations—and urges to vomit. Freud posited the repudiation of the
feminine (initially) as a cluster of motives or motivations in men and boys
and a “bedrock” of male psychic landscape. The repudiation of the feminine
(related to Alfred Adler’s masculine protest) was per Freud “nothing less than a
biological fact.” Masculinity of course required the repudiation of the
feminine. Then the real insight came: the repudiation of the feminine was as
much a series of motives in women and girls—as much a feature of feminine psychic
development. Thus the repudiation of the feminine is a universal phenomenon.
I theorize that the repudiation of the feminine as an underlying psychic “reality” was
(however circuitously) a causative element in Nyro’s underrecognition. Of
course the repudiation of the feminine would have impaired the advancement of
other female singers. But of Nyro’s more so (in my view). As Nyro was female
to the second power (also in my view).
Many of us who could be counted as among her ardent fans watched on perplexedly
as, year after year, she was omitted from pop and rock music anthologies (print anthologies, recorded music anthologies), rock
encyclopedias, coffee table books, Rolling Stone magazine, top
100 and top 500 lists at Rolling Stone magazine, awards
ceremonies, various halls of fame, FM airwaves, and bubbly magazine essays
about the female corps of popular music. December 16, 1974. Making the cover of
Time magazine: “Rock Women—Pride and Passion.” I remembered the essay as I was
starting to write this one and decided to look it up. Interesting and even
amusing to reread it after 40 years. That these women are superwomen
who do it all, have it all, make their own decisions—and even write their own
songs is the angle. The article is mostly about Joni Mitchell. But it is also
about Carole King, Carly Simon, Bonnie Raitt, Maria Muldaur, Wendy Waldman, and
others. Not the teensiest mention of Ms. Nyro. No mention of Nyro? She had been
called the inventor of the genre. This is the woman who made what a few have
said is the best and most brilliant rock album of the 1960s—Eli and the
Thirteenth Confession. The latter statement sounds exaggerative. But the album is brilliant throughout (brilliant in each measure),
which is—let’s face it—unheard of.
I will say in passing: persons staunchly and even committedly amusical should perhaps in general be
recused from the judging panels of Rolling Stone magazine top
100 lists.
She has virtually always
been less renowned than Joni Mitchell, although there was a moment in history
when they were perhaps of near equal standing. During the period 1968—1972,
roughly, Laura Nyro and Joni Mitchell were twin divinities, a twin godhead—that
is on college campuses tenanted by sons and daughters of the white middle
classes and in the rarefied milieux of art-minded white twenty-somethings.
(Carole King and Carly Simon were empresses of AM radio at around this time and
hence slightly déclassé.) For a brief moment Nyro and Mitchell were
unchallenged, serenely unchallenged, in their exalted position. They were not
rivals to each other—not palpably and I think not in fact. I have read, and to
a slight degree was even able to observe, that each admired the other. They did
seem pretty dissimilar at times. Mitchell tried to be funky on occasion (for
example), with only partial success. For Nyro funkiness was instinct—something
she couldn’t hide.
I was a great Joni Mitchell fan ca. 1970 (who at that time was not?), but I
always believed underlyingly that Mitchell, very simply, wasn’t quite Nyro’s
peer. The majority (the “great beast”) decreed that the converse was true. I
had mild problems with Mitchell as a singer, for one thing. Her voice was thin
and watery I thought—the ultimate white girl voice. Her high notes always
sounded as if they were being sung in falsetto. But maybe it was me. Perhaps
best to say she had a “folksinger’s voice” and leave it at that. I liked her
poetry—save for the occasional line of poetry that would (arguably) go on for
too long and contain vastly too many syllables. And, I thought, there were
occasional goofy spots. Again, this was my problem and nobody else’s. In any
case fault-finding along these lines is unnecessary and certainly impolitic. I
have learned over the years that criticism of Mitchell is sort of a no-no, as
well as liable to get one in very hot water. And it is a little
absurd. Mitchell’s albums are masterworks. (My personal favorite
is For the Roses.) Let us say for argument’s sake that Nyro
and Mitchell were equally good and of equal virtuosity. It is interesting then
that Mitchell has been the much more renowned, and it is worthy cause for
conjecture. (I have a few hunches.)
I attended eleven Laura Nyro concerts—and I would generally take note
of my
surroundings. I would peruse the crowd and so forth. At several of the
concerts I gleaned (or thought I did) that the attendees, my fellow
concertgoers, believed themselves to be in the presence of a very great
star
and venerable institution. (Factor in of course that these were members
of the
tribe.) The faces sometimes radiated respect. Respect is not a good
word (let
me say in passing). It is one of those problematic words, like courage, whose
meaning is not only imprecise but also confounding and paradoxical. The
word
should possibly be jettisoned from the language. And yet respect it
was—that
seemed to flow—from these people and toward the stage in great big
waves. As if
we had been sitting in an auditorium and paying homage to Mandela (or
something
like that). One could make the statement perhaps that although she was
not
greatly recognized—there was almost no performer and recording
artist who
was more respected than Ms. Nyro. This would have had to do with her
artistry and musicianship—but I think it also had something to do with the
simple
factlet that she was not showy. People respect this somehow, perhaps
even subconsciously. And I think that these people (and myself) were on
some level
aware: she got a small return on a gigantic talent, instead of a
gigantic
return on a small talent. The latter is more familiar to us and
naturally less
inviting of our esteem.
A statement I’ve heard perhaps hundreds of times: “I’ve never heard of her.” So
many times during the last several decades I have been part of a musical
discussion (if you will) and been asked about my tastes, my preferences in
music. I might have asked others about theirs. So many times I have hurled her
name into a conversation, only to be met with dismay on the part of my
interlocutor(s), who were apt to say, wide-eyed: “I’ve never heard of her.”
There is a story, versions of which have even appeared in print, of Sandra
Bernhard (a card-carrying Nyro fan) taking a reluctant, naysaying Madonna
Ciccone to a Laura Nyro concert in Los Angeles, ca. 1988. Before the concert,
Ms. Ciccone saying: “I’ve never heard of her.” After the concert: “Dancers. Her
show needs dancers.”
I was at the concert Ms. Nyro gave at the Bottom Line (July 1978) when she was
8 months pregnant. She looked 10 months pregnant. When she walked out onto the
stage, a roar of cheering went up. For a split second I thought it was Marilyn
Monroe stepping out to entertain our boys in Korea. But it was Laura—in maternity
evening gown and funky high-heeled sandals. And she was wearing that Mona Lisa
smile that I believe may have been a reflex—her reflex response to billowing
applause. She appeared from nowhere and walked to her piano. There were no
musicians on that night (no back-up musicians). Laura and a grand piano were
it.
I sat at one of the front tables, and for almost two hours my eyes were at a
level with her ankles. My view was less than perfect but I got to observe some mean damper
pedal action. I never witnessed her getting applause like the kind she got at
that particular concert, never before and never after. I saw her at Carnegie
Hall in 1976 and she didn’t provoke anywhere near the same response. (I guess
people are politer in an opulent setting.) In some ways the 1978 concert at the
Bottom Line must have been a sort of apogee for Laura Nyro. On that sultry
night in July (now long ago), young men stood on chairs, and on table tops, and
cried like wolves. She left the stage a number of times (there were three
encores). And with each return to the stage the cheering was more turbulent.
She didn’t make grand entrances I recall. (Audience response may have been
big—but she didn’t milk her entrances.) They were modest—all things considered.
(I am speaking primarily of her post-1977 cabaret appearances.) There were
perhaps a few “grand” stage entrances. I don’t think there were many. If memory
serves: she would (at least in some venues) walk onto the stage with the
members of her back-up band (if there was a back-up band), and they would take
their places together. She would enter without fanfare and sometimes without
announcement. She would appear suddenly. At some performances she would be
halfway across the stage before the audience realized that that was
Nyro. Stepping over cables and other acoustic paraphernalia she would (almost
matter of factly) make her way to her piano bench. And what exactly to make of
that Mona Lisa smile? Maria Callas once said of uproarious applause, “I can’t
say that I like it. It makes one feel like one of the damned.” Did Nyro like
it? I couldn’t say. I suspect not. The Mona Lisa smile just added to the
inscrutability. She would seat herself at the piano and say nothing to the
audience. When the commotion had subsided she would say a few words—typically
a single phrase or sentence. At the 1978 Bottom Line concert (after the
uproar) she said into the mike, resonantly and intensely: “Thank-you for your
love.” That was it. Her speaking voice was of a middle register and engaging,
but her manner of speaking (or her manner of speaking from the stage) was
slowed down and idiosyncratic. (Actually Nyro was always a bit weird to some
observers, even to some of her fans. It was said again and again, during her
heyday—that Nyro was “weird.”) There would be applause all over again and,
finally, silence. She would flip her hair back past her shoulders several
times, perhaps as a nervous thing. She would place her fingers on the keys.
Then the sorceress would begin.
In the year 1971 (as a senior in high school) I decided I had to check
out the recorded music oeuvre of the woman who, as a group of friends and
acquaintances were having it, sang better than Barbra [sic] Streisand. I supposed
that this was high praise indeed, and it was—although in 1971 Streisand’s
singing was already beginning to travel southward.
I remember my first time. In January 1972 I was standing in the well-appointed
home of a (rather privileged) friend from high school. He had a very good
“stereo” and what seemed to me were hundreds of albums. Without my requesting
it he said he was going to play Laura Nyro. From his collection he pulled out Eli and the Thirteenth Confession. With great attention and precision he lowered
the needle onto the moving record. For a long time I stood rooted to the
carpet, a statue of mystification. I was immobile—save for facial muscles that
became spasmodic. And lest this seem hyperbolic: I’ve listened to Nyro
partisans describe similar first encounters, using similar language, similar
phrases.
Todd Rundgren for one. Rundgren—that veritable exemplar of songwriting art—has
said he left the band Nazz because he “wanted to write songs like Laura
Nyro.” He said of Eli and the Thirteenth Confession: “She put out an album
called ‘Eli and the Thirteenth Confession’ and it just blew everybody’s mind. Everybody’s mind.
It blew my mind, but it blew everybody’s mind—that a girl this young was
singing with this much soul, and the songwriting... was hers, it wasn’t like
anybody else’s songwriting.”
The album (Nyro’s second) was in stores in the spring of 1968. March 1968:
little pockets of great enthusiasm spring up immediately—but the album is
pretty much ignored. Sales are very modest. But the album sells at a steady
rate. After two years the album is continuing to sell. The album is not much
promoted. (No Nyro record has ever been.) As with so much art that is
particularly worthy: the good news is spread by word of mouth, among
overlapping networks of friends. And that is enough. Nyro is beginning to
acquire a following that tends toward the worshipful. (Laura Nyro is 20.)
And tho’ it gets lost—in narratives of every kind—and was never
emphasized in any shape or form (in 1968 or after): the record is a signal
achievement for Laura Nyro. Rundgren’s words just above point to the record’s
originality. The record was strikingly original—in every direction. From the
jacket: “Laura Nyro: writer, composer, voices, piano, and witness to the
confession.” There was even, in 1968, in small pockets, a shared sense of:
disbelief. One girl did this? Well—she did have help. Arranger and record
producer Charlie Calello helped her. Jazz great Zoot Sims played on the record. (Calello, a modest type, said later—that
virtually all credit for the landmark record should go to Nyro; that the
greatness of the record was owing to the “brilliance of the songs.”) The “experience”
of the record (for first time listeners) can be daunting, and perhaps humbling.
Playing the record: music pours out—with a kind of force and even
aggression. The record experienced in its entirety is a fast moving freight
train.
The songs that make up Eli and the Thirteenth Confession are of varying
moods and “personalities”—and across the 13 songs Nyro takes on quite a range
of sexual personae—from St. Theresa of the Little Flower all the way to horny
bitch. (Sorry.) Speaking of horny bitches. Ten years or
so ago I came across a statement posted to a Laura Nyro fan website (by an
obvious fan) and it stayed with me. To paraphrase: Having listened to the song
“The Confession,” he conjectured—Barry White received his entire
training in musical orgasm from Ms. Nyro.
The making of Eli and the Thirteenth Confession was a genial and gratifying
affair—for Nyro and the supporting players. Or it was the opposite. Take your pick. Fact
is always elusive—perhaps nonexistent. Factlet and factoid are always
elusive. (Per quantum science, fact
is nonexistent—at the quantum level. Per quantum science there is strictly
speaking no such thing as fact.) From Michele Kort’s book:
Calello remembers a certain electricity in the
studio during Nyro’s recording sessions [for Eli and the Thirteenth
Confession]. “Of course we redid her vocals later, but I’ll never forget how
the musicians were so blown away by the music that you could see them hanging
around after the sessions.”
Kort suggests that elements of fun and even silliness were sometimes in
evidence during the sessions (for Eli and the
Thirteenth Confession)—that it went down
nicely, even swimmingly. Nyro, very much pleased apparently by one session result, is
supposed to have said (of the result): “Charlie and I sat there crying, it was so beautiful.” But
Rundgren avers: “I learned from her that she hated the process of making ‘Eli
and the Thirteenth Confession.’ She felt rushed. She felt like things didn’t get
done the way she wanted them done... [S]he hated the experience of making it.”
So she more or less despised the experience of making the record. Or not.
The album is a rock album—with un-rock and anti-rock ingredients. In
printed copy about Nyro it recurs again and again: she collapsed boundaries,
she was sui generis, her art was sui generis, she was
“hard to pigeonhole,” she defied categorization. Of boundaries she may have
helped to collapse: that would include the (figmental) boundary that
separates high art and low. Nyro is one of many artists who subverts
our understandings of music categories. DJ Felix Hernandez has cited her as a
paradigm of “blue-eyed soul”—itself a genre (or close to it) and a label that
suggests a collapse of boundaries. Forms and styles she is credited with having
absorbed and combined: folk, jazz, spirituals, gospel, R&B, 1960s girl
group music, “soul,” “Broadway.” From a single Google search:
■ Nyro fused Tin Pan
Alley, spirituals, and jazz ...
■ [Nyro] combined nearly equally Tin Pan Alley, Broadway, folk, rock and roll, the blues, and breezy pop.
■ Nyro [blended] Tin Pan Alley and the Brill Building.
■ [Her music] drew from R&B, soul, gospel, jazz, Brill Building pop, and Broadway show tunes.
■ Nyro was a
combination of Tin Pan Alley, pop, folk, gospel, and especially soul.
But
all this having to do with the disintegration of boundaries
means little. One doesn’t set out to collapse boundaries. And
virtually all music
making and virtually all music performance down to the least of it
equals hybrid
formation. Mere performance of, a cover of, someone
else’s tune
equals hybrid formation. Music style is quicksilver. It gets trickier.
Of
genres she absorbed: each by itself represents a fusion. Consider jazz:
supposed to be almost pure fusion—of black and white ingredients.
Another form generally understood as a hybrid form—and again a hybrid
of black and white: rock and roll (and its harsher, unkinder offspring, rock
music). Rock and roll has sometimes been understood as a
virtually
entirely black form—subsequently repackaged and rebranded for a white
market. Consider show music (of the 1920s and 1930s—the era of
“Showboat”): nineteenth century Anglo-Irish song convention with a
supra-layer
of East European Jewish weltschmerz—perhaps.
The first Nyro track I ever heard was “Timer.” When my friend played Eli
and the Thirteenth Confession in his well-appointed
home so many years ago: it was an era in which records had two sides and for
some reason he began with side 2. “Timer” is a song that will stop you in your
tracks (I would almost guarantee it). It may pin you to the mat. The song
“Stoned Soul Picnic” has many admirers—other songwriters among them.
(Nyro was and is a songwriters’ songwriter.) Jerome Kern would have gone
apeshit for the song. Stephen Sondheim has said of “Stoned Soul Picnic”:
“[I]n economy, lyricism, and melody it is a masterpiece.” Eli and the
Thirteenth Confession has—highly original songs (which were “all hers”)—songs that have lots of surprises let’s say, very good and very
self-assured singing (for a 20 yr. old), vocal harmonies that make you think
for an instant you’re in heaven—and “economy, lyricism, and melody.” And a
mesmeric photo.
A word about the jacket. Nyro is
sphinxlike in the photo. Her expression as inscrutable as that of the famous bust of Nefertiti. Her
face, like her voice, suggests sensuousness and Mediterranean basin origin
(perhaps). No “skinny-lipped virgin with blood like water” that.
Over at
Columbia/CBS Records Inc. they knew. Even in 1968. That Nyro was one
of their prestige artists. That all her projects were prestige projects. That she
was a giant talent in their, what’s
the word, stable, of artists. They didn’t know
it thoroughly or entirely—but they knew. She
hadn’t proven herself yet at
Columbia but in her case it mattered less. And up to a point
they
strove to give
her what she wanted during the
making of Eli and
the Thirteenth Confession. They said no however
to her wishes for
the
album cover (allegedly). As per a fragment of scuttlebutt that made its
way to
me in 1972: she wanted no printed word or words (no words of any kind)
on the
front cover. Not one word, not one letter of the alphabet. She started
to
insist. She wanted art—not advertising. (She sort of got her
wish. See
photo,
just above.) There was a compromise solution: there would be a
“lyric
sheet” containing the artist’s name positioned
artfully in the record package. The artist’s name would be in
full view.
She wanted perfume—and this they gave her. (Altho’
perhaps apocryphal stories these.) I believe it was the lyric sheet that was supposed
to have been scented. I never happened to get my hands on a scented copy (back
in the day)—but I’ve had conversations with persons who remembered or claimed
to remember a product with fragrance. It makes a kind of sense: Columbia would
accede to her demand for foo foo water (as it would cost them next to nothing)—but
they could not and would not release the record minus the artist’s name in an obvious spot (there
was no getting around it—it would injure sales).
Eli
and the Thirteenth Confession is I believe her best
known and best remembered and best loved album. (It competes with Gonna Take
a
Miracle in these regards.) It is also the album that is most
representative...
One more attempt. In Ms. Nyro were
fused the talents—the talents
of Maria Malibran (nineteenth century powerhouse and powerhouse
singer)
and Vincenzo Bellini (composer of sublime music, that “jeweler in
music”—and Malibran’s colleague). Which
sounds exaggerative and a little foolish—and is to a point.
I wish my baby were
forbidden
I wish my world be
struck by sleet
I wish to keep my mirror
hidden
to hide the eyes that looked on Gibsom Street
Getting back to components of the Nyro oeuvre
that are less known and less written about: Nyro’s lyrics were gorgeous (a word
I don’t like but will use 3 or 4 times in this piece). Her lyrics were unlike
other pop song lyrics—were rather a different ball of wax (50 years ago). What they were not:
you’ve got to get up every morning
with a smile on your face
and show the world all the love in your heart
then people gonna treat you better
you’re gonna find yes you will
that you’re beautiful as you feel
winter spring summer or fall
all you got to do is call
and I’ll be there yes I will
you’ve got a friend
It
is I think surpassingly difficult to write
song lyrics that are unpretending and not platitudinous, not banal. So
many pop
and rock song lyrics are ineffably bad—or just plain bad. Forty-five years
ago a
Nyro-admiring friend of mine used to say, lamentingly and throbbingly:
“No one
can write words... no one that is except Laura.” I didn’t agree. I
thought there were others who could, and did. (My friend thought
most pop and rock
song lyrics were pretty lousy, obviously.) Singer-songwriter Suzanne
Vega has
said of Nyro’s lyrics: “She spoke in a kind of code that I found very
beautiful.” I’ve loved some of her words over the years—over the long haul. My all time favorite:
Emily
you’re the natural snow
the unstudied sea
you’re a cameo
there’s gold in you
darlin’
drew gold
when I woke her
she’s an ole chain
smoker
grace and the
preacher
blown fleets of
sweet-eyed dreams
tonight
As to the cryptic lines and phrases—there were lots of others (other poets)... English language poetry of the last 75 years has tended toward
the cryptic and enigmatic. She would name “poetry” as one of her
influences, was an
avid collector of poetry volumes and was almost throughout her entire life
an avid
reader of poetry.
he gives to me
buckles off shingles
and a jangle from a Congo
love chase
early bloomers made
of earth and love lace
Nyro played with language—in the ways poets do. She invented words: snowbell,
lovewell, flameride, lovething, footslippin’, tendaberry. She would use words
sometimes for their aesthetic (phonesthetic) and rhythmic effects—as
well as
for their more obvious semantic effects. Or phonesthetic effect
would supersede
everything else. A rush on rum of brush and drum. Where phonesthetic
aspect prevails in the use of language: that’s two-thirds of what
poetry is. Children sometimes play with language—and sometimes (deliberately or indeliberately) invent
words. Disinhibition and playfulness in respect of language use have puerile features.
Literacy in high degree will dampen the poetic gift.
The lyrics themselves sometimes had a puerile sound, a puerile aspect (“you’re a good-lookin’ riverboat”) and—more or less
oppositely: sometimes a maternal character. (“From every conviction will extrude its opposite.”) Motherhood and motherly solicitude:
not often subject matter for pop and rock music songs! Mothers calling out for
their kids, kids calling out (or crying out) for their mothers—appear again and again in the
Laura Nyro song catalogue.
mothers pull the
night time in
calling their
children
with spoons in the
wind
come on people
come on children
there’s a king at the
glory river
and the precious king
he loved the people
to sing
babes in the blinkin
sun
sang “we shall overcome”!
She teamed up with Labelle in 1971—and it rather made sense. “Labelle” was the rebranding of “Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles”
(female doo-wop singers who achieved a kind of prominence in the early 1960s).
It was a fortuitous partnering and a fortuitous combining of voices and personalities. A gathering of sisters. A byproduct of their coming together was Gonna Take a Miracle. Perhaps needless to say—on the recording the
sistahs get down. On it Nyro keens, wails, throbs, whispers.
Likewise Patti LaBelle. Patti LaBelle’s vocal outpouring (sometimes) is a
weapon, the blade of a knife.
She used slash chords. A slash chord has an added pitch and is
likely to have a jazz sound. Charlie Calello said her chords were—chords not
used in popular music. Calello (to Michele Kort): “Laura
would come
up with these alternate, substitute chords.” His statement sounds banal enough on its face. But—coming up with a quasi-system of alternate chords? Sounds
like invention at the genius level perhaps, to my ears. Per the Kort bio her musician colleagues said
often enough—her
chords were idiosyncratic, weird. So no one was doing exactly what Nyro
was doing at the piano. And yet—some said her piano playing was dull. Kort
quotes writer and musician Don Heckman [1969]: “[H]er piano sounds dullingly
impressionistic with its continued emphasis on open fourths and fifths.” There
are competing schools of thought centering on her skill as a pianist. There are
enthusiasts and detractors. I would lean toward enthusiasm—in part as she was
inventive at the piano. Invention counts.
More than once I was able to watch her hands at the piano. I’ve watched
her play very rapidly (and very accurately). I’ve watched her pound at the
piano. Playing molto aggressivo and pounding
at the piano: things she did (sometimes) as a young performer. Her piano
playing was relatively laid back during latter performances I believe. One gets to eyeball a snippet of her piano
playing—at YouTube: the (suddenly famous) Kraft Music Hall clip [1969].
I have watched her—seated before a particularly massive looking
open-lidded concert grand piano. I’ve watched and listened to
Nyro playing a tinkly sounding, almost juvenile sounding
electric piano (in concert). Go figure that one. I am told she liked
the
sound.
I asked my jazz pianist friend to listen to a
number of Nyro recordings (most of them from New York Tendaberry) and to
comment. His comment as follows:
I’m
flabbergasted to learn that she is self
taught as that kind of flies in the face of my overall impression of
her. First
of all, she is not shy when she approaches the piano. She is very
percussive
and rhythmically active on the keyboard. Her approach to the piano
sounds
“orchestral” to me in that she is aware of stacking certain things,
harmonically speaking, and she is completely unafraid to employ its
full range
and think of things like an arranger would. She also understands
diatonicism (a fundamental underpinning of jazz) and immerses herself
in it to the ultimate degree. Her
time is absolutely impeccable. She sounds to me as if she received
formal,
classical piano lessons in which she played along with
a metronome, ad
infinitum, which instilled within her physical being almost
perfect time,
as they say. She sounds like a classically trained jazz pianist in that
she is
using many jazz-like voicings in her playing that are deeply rooted in
the
diatonic framework. People with that kind of knowledge and facility
have
nothing to constrain them when trying to create art in the moment. They
are
close to being completely free.
The complete freedom referred to in the last statement: that would be (a sense of)
freedom on the part of someone seated
before a piano—not complete freedom in a general sense I believe.
I should mention—almost in passing: she is in extraordinarily fine voice
in the “He’s a Runner” segment (the Kraft Music Hall clip). It starts out a tad awkwardly perhaps. When she gets going: it is (to
me) an amazing sound. Clear, strong, even-toned, beautiful. My own response would be: how
does one listen and not get bowled over? One hears from time to time—that a singer of renown wishes to emulate the sound of a particular musical instrument. At
several points, in “He’s a Runner,” Nyro’s sound is in my view not entirely
human. At several spots her vocal apparatus is a clarion trumpet. On the evidence of this performance:
one might judge her one of the finest voices one had ever heard.
As a pianist and song performer Nyro had fun with tempi (and other time parameters). The studio
recording of “Time and Love” has seesawing tempi. In the recording she is
everywhere—virtually at each moment—futzing and fatootzing with the tempo. It’s
kind of fascinating when you listen for it. The word rubato means
more or less—a transient disregard of tempo. It literally means stolen, or
robbed, and it used to be said—160 years ago: what is stolen (in music
performance) must be paid back. Now an antiquated view.
In the studio recording of “Save the Country” (or for that matter the performance of “Save the Country” from the Kraft Music Hall show) she is changing the rhythm (and tempo) every 2 to 3 seconds.
There
were rhythms she would use... She’d get going with these seductive and even beautiful
syncopated rhythms—and then slow them way down or pause them or stop
them dead.
She’d take all kinds of liberties in respect of time parameters (virtually all songwriters and
song performers do the same). Beat, rhythm, and tempo are discrete
yet entangled
phenomena. A change in one begets simultaneous modification of the
other
two. It is sometimes understood—sometimes by music instructors—that
rhythm and
tempo reside in two distinct airtight, water-tight compartments. That a
change
in tempo in song performance (a mere shift upward or downward)
leaves rhythm absolutely unchanged. That is not always correct. At any rate—virtually all song
performances (to my ear) contain time variances aplenty. Nyro is a bit
famous for “weird”
or perhaps very exaggerated time variances. All or virtually all pop music
songwriters have been fairly profligate in respect of taking liberties
with time parameters (including changing time signatures) for 130 years.
Actually—to my ear there have been few innovations (of multiple kinds) in respect of song composition since—oh, say, 1910. All of the nuances, the “liberties” taken that we know and love in the “modern” era are there, starting around 1910.
Temporal liberties in a performance such as—such as the studio recording
of “You Don’t Love Me When I Cry” (which has a consistent rhythm for the most
part) are not profligate, they are orgiastic. Where my friend said he thought
Nyro sounded as if she had played along with a metronome “ad infinitum” during
her formative years (crediting her I believe with a kind of flawless sense of timing): I
guess you have to know the canonical form before you can know how to muss it
up.
No song left behind. I’ve
said often enough: every Laura Nyro song has something—there are no exceptions.
Even “The Japanese Restaurant Song” has something. There are no duds, no
failures. Some of her compositions are inescapably joyful. A few are sublime. I
mentioned it above, I am atheist. Listening to some of her compositions I
think I can see God’s smile. (Simone Weil saying that the
beauty of the world, the experience of something beautiful, is “God’s tender
smile for us coming through matter.”) Across the years her compositional
faculty never flagged. It is as a songwriter that she has (sometimes) been
recognized. (Never as performer, never as singer.) Some of the obituaries
recognized her songwriting brilliance.
Her awareness of chords and
diatonicism enhanced her songwriting skill, obviously. And as per a
journalistic item I perused decades ago (and never forgot): another thing that
enhances songwriting skill is possession of a real singing voice. I was
hesitant at first—vis-à-vis the assertion that vocal ability enlarges
songwriting ability. A number of times I’ve tried to trace out just how it
would work, or how it might work (cognitively), and I now take
for granted—her giftedness as a singer informed and expanded the
songwriting. And of course vice versa: the songwriting ability added something to
the vocal ability.
Needless to say it is not consensus—that her compositional ability never
failed or flagged. Some Nyro partisans insist that her compositional
output was dual: there were the brilliant early albums—and there was the latter
output. The latter period begins—let’s say in 1975.
And after 1975 (per the narrative, or per one narrative) the compositions are exceedingly
bland. I would agree that the finished product was different after about 1975. Just
about everything (in the creative life of Laura Nyro) was different after 1975.
One thing wasn’t different. The songwriting genius remained. Todd Rundgren has said
of her “second phase” output: “It wasn’t as if she didn’t still have all those
elements of her songwriting in there. I just don’t think she was selling it in
the same way.”
It’s not always clear—which songs were
written when. Most of the songs that turned up on New York Tendaberry were
written prior to the recording and release of Eli and the Thirteenth
Confession. Most of the songs that turned up on Smile were written well
before 1976 (the year of its release). One of the songs (“Man in the Moon”) that appeared on Mother’s
Spiritual [1984] was written in 1970 I believe. (The 1984 recording is a later version of the song.) It actually
happened (a small number of times): she would write a song—and put it on an
album a decade later. So it’s not so easy—to imagine the songs as falling
into two groups and as belonging to two discrete periods. And a statement such
as “songs coming after ‘Christmas and the Beads of Sweat’ are treacly”—is going
to be problematic. Sometimes—songs that came after actually came before.
Also
making categorical statements difficult: some of
the reportedly, or reputedly,
second-tier songs (introduced to the world after 1975) are songs of
the very first order. “Mother Earth,” “Crazy Love,” “Springblown,”
“The Sweet Sky,”
“The Nest,” “Man in the Moon,” “The Brighter Song,” “Mother’s
Spiritual” (the
album’s title track), “A Woman of the World,”
“Don’t Hurt Child,” “Serious Playground”:
each is masterful (or close to it), like a Fabergé egg, and brilliant. Not
treacle
these.
“Serious Playground” (the song itself, words and music, come
scritto) sounds to me like an early phase piece, it sounds like pure Eli and the Thirteenth Confession. It
would have integrated well with what’s on that album. I don’t like the way she
sounds on the recording (from Angel in the Dark, released 4 yrs. after her
death). I understand she was under stress and under siege (and ill) when the recording
was made.
Many
of the songs introduced to the world in the late 1970s and beyond
were recorded poorly (were recorded cheaply). They were recorded
in Nyro’s
garage. (Almost.) They were recorded in the studio she set
up at her
home in Danbury Connecticut. Had the songs named just above
received the full treatment, had they been recorded with the kind
of care and punctiliousness (and outlay) that were given to the
recording
of New York Tendaberry, they would be esteemed pieces of the oeuvre as good
as, or better than, anything that made its début on—on the albums that will live
forever (the first 4 albums).
I wouldn’t entirely
disagree that the finished product is altered and a
lot tamer after the first 4 albums—or let’s say after the first 5
albums. There are few thunderbolts launched after 1975. But I think
Rundgren was dead on: the songwriting genius remained.
I will not mention the artists who recorded
her songs. That has been more than adequately reported. And what would be the
point exactly? Her fans are apt to say things like: no one could do a Nyro song
like Nyro. Nyro’s own recordings of her songs were always 50 times better than
the respective covers—it seemed. (I guess that’s arguable.) But listen to
Nyro’s studio recording of “Time and Love” (it is brilliant and brilliantly performed), then listen to anybody
else’s recording of the song. Go to YouTube. Listen to that old warhorse—“Stoned Soul Picnic.” Listen
to Nyro’s recording, then listen to anybody else’s. Or listen to
anybody else’s, then listen to hers.
What else about her that is
relatively unarticulated? In respect of Laura Nyro as singer—her diction was
faultless. Unmannered, naturalistic, unselfconscious and (for lack of a better
word) plebeian. And having a hint or perhaps more than a hint of New York
accent. Some singers are coached—and they are told to enunciate and to
enunciate severely. It has the unintended effect of making the finished
performance sound stilted. Tom Wolfe I believe coined the term
“débutante-speak.” He was referring to speech and not singing. But Laura
Nyro lived and made music at the farthest possible remove from débutante-speak.
Naturalism in speech or singing—is what the ear actually wants, what the ear
craves.
A
sound wave (actually a wave packet) made by human vocal cords has
multiple
frequencies. A voice tends to blend very nicely with itself.
Overdubbing is a
technique that enables singers to sing backup for themselves and to
harmonize
with themselves. Nyro herself did all of the vocal arrangements on the
recordings. Her use of overdubbing was practiced, accomplished. On some
of the recordings she overdubbed her
voice multiple times—creating virtual choirs—sometimes (exquisite)
9-choirs-of-angels
effects.
New York Tendaberry: despite all the encomiums—another
album that’s pretty much ignored.
It is released a year and a half after Eli and the Thirteenth
Confession—in September 1969. It is the Nyro record not for everyone.
Non–Nyro fans are apt to respond badly. I have across the years recommended New York Tendaberry to a large number of persons—a few of whom got back to me
that they found it “unlistenable,” and “unbearable.” Many years ago I would
play the record for disinterested and unbiased others: results were poor. (They
were not amused.) I recall a New York City–area radio DJ saying with a hint of
disdain on the air (ca. 1973) that he did not “get” Laura Nyro—and did not get New York Tendaberry. Acquaintances of mine who knew of my fondness for the
record and witnessed my repetitive playing of it would say to me (also ca.
1973): “She’s nuts. Please get some help.” They were immovable in their
judgments that Nyro was making every effort—but the poor
girl was simply not very good. I remember someone saying “if only she sang a
little better... ,” and I remember I was flummoxed.
New York Tendaberry is edgy, offbeat (pun not intentional), often
anxious. Nyro is intense on the album—something not greatly desired or welcomed
by most music consumers. She wails on the record—in a way that makes some listeners
clench their teeth. On Tendaberry she wails, beats her breast, has tantrums,
hurls a few thunderbolts.
It has been said of Wagner opera, of Puccini opera... of operas by Richard Strauss, of operas by Alban Berg, of
verismo (and sometimes of workers in 21st century workplaces): characters are put into grim situations and then pushed and
pushed to extremes of emotion—to where they can be pushed no further. In
respect of singers in operas: to the point at which singing threatens to give
way to screaming, or shrieking. In a number of spots on Tendaberry Nyro seems
almost at that point.
It is Nyro’s dark album—altho’ I don’t find it all that
dark. (The album has its bright spots and joyful moments.) A song I’m fond
of is “Gibsom Street.” If I listen to it having not listened to it in some
time it rivets me. “Gibsom Street” is dark. Or it’s dark enough. Sections of it are chock full of minor seventh chords—part of the reason
people say it’s dark. The song is noir-ish. But it’s a hodgepodge of musical conventions—only some of which tie in
with darkness. It has a noir-ish kind of tone, a big band sound in one segment, some
big band chord voicings, very syncopated segments, some great minor chord
progressions, bluesy riffs, key changes, key signature changes.
The
song is enigmatic. There is not perfect agreement—as to what the
song is about. Some have suggested it is about
abortion—someone’s seeking one or having had one. (I didn’t get that
vibe.)
About 10 yrs. or so ago I would visit an online Laura Nyro
forum/message board—rather often I seem to remember—and look at postings. More
than once “Gibsom Street” was the topic of
the hour. Some contributors posted—they thought the song was about
heroin
addiction. That is possible in my view (altho’ heroin addiction by the
way is
not something she ever experienced). A larger number of contributors
said the
song was about—being held in sexual thrall. A thesis not necessarily astute. (Aren’t most
pop songs about that?)
Gibsom Street the place, the fictional place, is where “they hang the
alley cats.” The image is lurid, startling, disturbing. The song’s
authoress wants to evade her mirror—to “hide the eyes that looked on Gibsom Street”—suggesting
shame and perhaps forbidden pleasure, forbidden knowledge. At the song’s
end a man, phantomlike, who “knows where [she’s] going” enters and gives her a
strawberry.
there is a man he knows where I’m going
he gave me a strawberry to eat
I sucked its juices never knowing
that I would sleep that night on Gibsom Street
Camille Paglia in Sexual Personae
[1990] writes
that “sex is a dark and turbulent power”—a sentiment that appears
everywhere in
that massive volume, in some form on every page. She describes sex as a
“brutal
power.” Paglia writes soberingly of sex and sexuality. Some statements
(in that volume) are exceptions to this rule perhaps, but in general her
attitudes
vis-à-vis sex and sexuality are hardnosed—as opposed to starry-eyed.
Paglia,
appearing to be the ultimate party pooper, writes hardnosedly about sex:
Sex is a far darker power than feminism has
admitted. Behaviorist sex therapies believe guiltless, no-fault sex is
possible. But sex has always been girt round with taboo, irrespective of
culture. Sex is the point of contact between man and nature, where morality and good intentions fall to primitive urges. I call it an intersection. This intersection is the uncanny crossroads of Hecate, where all things return in the night. Eroticism is a realm stalked by ghosts. It is the place beyond the
pale, both cursed and enchanted.... Sex is daemonic. This term, current
in Romantic studies of the past [fifty] years, derives from the Greek daimon,
meaning a spirit of lower divinity than the Olympian gods.... The great daemons
were not evil—or rather they were both good and evil, like nature itself, in
which they dwelled. Freud’s unconscious is a daemonic realm. In the day we are
social creatures, but at night we descend to the dream world where nature
reigns, where there is no law but sex, cruelty, and metamorphosis. Day itself
is invaded by daemonic night.
Whoa. Realms cursed and enchanted.
That sex is a dark and turbulent power—is in my view not a “theme” but a
sentiment that lies at the exact center of “Gibsom Street” (and much of New York Tendaberry, the
album).
Is
sex a dark power? For
the most part not (perhaps). For some persons (or couples),
instantiations of
sex (sex as instantiated in individual human minds, the experience of
sex) are likely to be dense
with meaning, to reverberate with meaning—to be flooded with meaning as
it
were. They, these persons, in a sense insist upon it. For other
persons instantiations of
sex are virtually bereft of meaning—nor would these persons want it to
be
otherwise (for yet other persons it would not occur to them that it
could be
otherwise). Where instantiations of sex (in human minds) are
perfunctory and about as meaningful
as a sneeze: far enough from darkness. Where instantiations of
sex move
toward peak human experience: they are exemplified and
characterized
principally by their sweetness and a kind of relaxation (arguably
perhaps). And not “excitement” but a freedom from it. Where sexual
relations are about as good as they get: they are of a distinguished
sweetness.
In these scenarios sex is not darkness, it is light—almost pure
sunlight. And
not to mix metaphors. But there is the other side of the coin. In our
world there abounds: prostitution, sex trafficking, sexual slavery,
rape, aggravated rape, pornography (libertarians say pornography is art—so the
half of it that isn’t art), sadomasochism (all or most forms of), sexual abuse,
domestic sexual abuse, the sexual abuse of children including children under
the age of 5, sex crime, horrific sex crime, sex murder (also known as
sexualized murder). They too are sex. When one ponders on the relatively more
holistic view of sex (one that takes in the greater number of varieties of
sexual experience) one feels he is at liberty perhaps to make the statement—yes
it is a dark and turbulent power.
So I think New York Tendaberry
is about sex and its mayhems (with
which 21 yr. olds tend to be familiar). It’s supposed to be a portrait
of New York, a “paean to New York City.” But only two of its
compositions
(“New York Tendaberry,” “Mercy on Broadway”) center on New York—or mention New
York or point to New York even obliquely. Michele Kort and others have
said—New York Tendaberry is to a point a unified work, a concept album.
Albums of course tend not to be that. (I would agree to a point. “Save the
Country,” described as “political” generally, isn’t much of a
piece with “Captain for Dark Mornings”—yet the songs on Tendaberry have their
thematic and other commonalities.) Across most of the album sex and sexuality
are the place beyond the pale, both cursed and enchanted. In “Captain for Dark
Mornings” and “Captain Saint Lucifer” sex is a dark power—but it is also pure
sweetness and light, and in the recordings the latter “persuasion” perhaps
outweighs the former. The title “Captain Saint Lucifer” catches the eye. (Saint
Lucifer?) It is a double and triple oxymoron. There’s the marriage of heaven
and hell—right there in the title.
Am I reading too much into New York
Tendaberry? Am I seeing there more than is there—or something distinct from
what’s there? Yes. All interpretation is overinterpretation—therefore all
interpretation is partial misinterpretation. (I guess the thing that saves me
is the word “partial.”) G. K. Chesterton said—interpretation usually consists of
“saying about an author [or his creative product] those things that would make
the author jump out of his boots.” We might say—that would make the author spin
in his grave.
Lou
Nigro by the way really dug the song “Captain
Saint Lucifer.” I met Mr. Nigro in October 2000—and we talked
about a bunch of things. I believe it was I who brought up
“Captain Saint Lucifer”—and he said
immediately, he almost blurted it, “Now that’s a song!”—his face shone for a moment. Gilda Nigro, Nyro’s mum, by the way loved “Emmie,” from Eli and the Thirteenth Confession.
In “Tom Cat Goodbye” sex is the marriage of
heaven and hell—and marriage (cohabitation) is the marriage of heaven and hell. She, Nyro, or the main figure in the fictional text, is not a well woman on the recording. “Tom Cat Goodbye” delivers up in large amounts the daemonic will and inner turbulence of an emotionally labile 21 yr. old (let’s say). The studio
recording of “Tom Cat Goodbye” is an astonishing and dumbfounding performance. Yes—one
is struck dumb and struck numb. It never fails: when I listen I say: how in
hell did she do it? Talk about her “not being shy at the keyboard.” It is
brilliant songwriting, has brilliant and very rapid piano work and brilliant
vocals. It resembles nothing else in all of music. It is one of her songs that
cannot be performed by others. I think the piano part can be duplicated (I’ve done it—almost). It is
the singing part that cannot. My statements sound fatuous—but the song
performance has literally the power to dumbfound.
Eli and the Thirteenth Confession is a
masterwork. New York Tendaberry is Laura Nyro’s masterpiece. She spent ten
months working at actual recording. Roy Halee worked with her as
“producer,” Jimmie Haskell as “arranger”:
somewhat nebulous job titles—and jobs not fully defined and sometimes
overlapping. I believe Geffen brought
in Halee and Halee brought in Haskell. Haskell joined the effort with a
then recent massive hit under his belt: Bobbie Gentry’s “Ode to Billie
Joe.” Bobbie
Gentry: another raven haired, abundant haired singer-songwriter, around
the
same age as Nyro.
Nyro was an admirer of Haskell before they
were brought together. Where I grew up—“Ode to Billie Joe” came in like a tidal
wave. In my former environments (in an era in which truly vast numbers of
Americans listened to the same music) its sudden all-presence was almost
dazing. And yet I thought it was just another pop song (around the time I was
starting high school). I would hear it years later and say: I never
knew. I never knew it was so good. Ten years ago “Ode to Billie Joe” was cited in
a posting to the aforementioned Laura Nyro forum/message board and a “member”
responded: “It was Jimmie Haskell who arranged that masterpiece!” (Lots of
masterpieces afoot—at every timepoint.) Nyro admired that masterpiece. She said
circa 1968 (of the famous recording): “You could hear the crickets and the
bugs.” Haskell was an exceptionally fine arranger of strings (as evidenced by
“Ode to Billie Joe,” and all of New York Tendaberry).
Nyro and Haskell were a fortuitous partnering. He was appreciative of
her (musical) idiosyncrasies and actually encouraged them. For that matter Nyro and Halee were a superb
partnering. Halee understood her and what she was up to.
I had written in the past about Nyro—she recorded New York Tendaberry twice. The first
effort, orchestral, done with instruments, generated a very “produced” sound and she tossed
the whole thing. But it turns out: another bundle of factoids (centering on Nyro)
that needs to be deep-sixed.
In a Life magazine profile of Nyro
published in 1970, writer Maggie Paley reported that Nyro had actually made New York Tendaberry twice. “First she recorded most of the album with a band
backing her up, and threw the whole thing out. She started again, exactingly
taping her voice and piano performances and then adding what she calls the
colors.” Halee—who came to the project in great part because Nyro admired his
work with Simon and Garfunkel—doesn’t remember it that way. From the
start, he says, “my intention was to record just Laura and the piano ... Just
capture her and that piano and you’re home free.” [emphasis added]
Nyro wore gowns to the sessions. She traveled
to work in a hansom cab if you please. She traveled from 79th and Columbus to
52nd and 5th (part way at least) via horse-drawn hansom cab. She liked the (syncopated)
rhythm of horses’ hooves on pavement. Reading the Kort bio it’s clear enough:
Columbia Records indulged her during the making of New York Tendaberry.
Kort says
it outright. (Altho’ Kort also mentions—Columbia at some point put
the squeeze
on, when they came to the conclusion she was taking too long.)
Halee said years
later he didn’t remember there had been a budget—an odd thing perhaps
for a producer not to remember. “I don’t think there was a budget,
because we
just went in and went in and went in and kept doing it.” That it were possible he could lose
sight of all budgetary restriction—bespeaks indulgence on the part of
the
record company.
She came prepared. She arrived at the sessions
carrying notebooks. Kort quotes Lee Housekeeper, “Nyro’s aide-de-camp and road
manager”: “As much time as Laura spent in the recording studio she spent in
preparation. She had extensive notebooks and knew exactly what she was going to
do.” Like Floria Tosca she lived for art—for about
9 months in 1968 and 1969.
Michele Kort, speaking of Nyro’s standing at
Columbia Records at around this time: “[S]he gave the [record] label credibility
and clout.” (Nyro is still new to the firm.) Contrary to expectation perhaps her status at Columbia was exalted—in
the absence of visible successes and in the presence of enduringly tepid
record sales. Kort even contends—Columbia was able to attract and sign other artists
because Nyro was a part of it, and Geffen was able to attract and sign
artists because of his proximity to Nyro. I’m repeating myself—but just about everyone
at Columbia had a sense of her by this time substantial reputation as an
artist. Inside Columbia Records she commanded respect. At Columbia, and in other environments, her status at
this time was a kind of covert status. “Covert status” sounds
absurd (at first hearing). Status very often has everything to do with everything that’s
the opposite of covert.
New York Tendaberry was released at the end
of September 1969. Nyro herself compared the release of the album to her giving
birth. It was worth the wait and effort and expense. Reviews of the album
tended to be very positive (and congratulatory)—not a small number were raves. (It was a succès
d’estime if there ever was one.) But rock music albums were big business in
the late 1960s and all things considered the album went nowhere. (It went to
number 32 on the Billboard magazine album sales chart.) The culmination
of her 9 month labor of love perhaps was two sold out Carnegie Hall
performances, given Thanksgiving weekend 1969. The shows were sold out—in 24
hours or in an hour—depending on which urban legend you prefer. She walked
onstage to a standing ovation. The gown winsome, ethereal—with aspect of slutty. Rock music writer Vince Aletti said of this
evening: she came onstage “looking like an Italian housewife whore.” (Italian housewife whore?) Nancy Ehrlich of Billboard reported: she
“communicated her very personal vision of the world” in “a voice as gentle as a
razor.” Actually I’ve heard she was in fine voice that night.
Mood of course is a pitiless tyrant—and one is in the mood to listen to
a particular something or one isn’t. I have listened to New York Tendaberry
in its entirety and been rather bored by it. I have listened to it in a state
of perpetual (moment-to-moment) astonishment—that a very young woman possessed
musical gifts of such magnitude. Nyro by the way is someone who frequently
had genius ascribed to her. Not by movers and shakers, not by world beaters
generally speaking—but by persons at a certain remove from spheres and
positions of influence, generally. Cumulatively they are legion,
according to my experience and extrapolation—those who have called her
“genius.” Not that that means much. Not that the term itself means much. (It
does not.) Going to a Laura Nyro concert at the Bottom Line in New York in
summer 1988, I arrived early, around 7:30 P.M., to find three young women
camped out on the West 4th Street sidewalk. These women had been there for
hours (recall: in respect of seating it was first come first serve at the
Bottom Line), were seated on the hard pavement, and played Laura Nyro cassettes
on a small cassette player. As the machine sent Nyro music into the air, they closed
their eyes and shook their heads—one girl saying a few times: “She’s a
genius!” Somewhat forlorn-looking (or bedraggled-looking) they were, each
carrying a red rose I believe. At the very least they ascribed genius to
her. In 1975 I read in a British music magazine a
prediction—that Laura Nyro (along with George Gershwin) would eventually be
counted as among the great American composer/musicians of the twentieth
century. (At that time to get an assessment like that you would have had to
go to England.) Like Brahms or Beethoven, Nyro is an epochal musician. She is
now a woman for the ages. I believe that New York Tendaberry is one of the
finest pieces of music ever recorded.